Organizational Behaviour Analysis

Question: Discuss about the organizational behaviour. Answer: Analysis of the outcome of Big Five Test related to the leadership traits The Big five test essentially examines the personality tests in the field of academic psychology. However, the big five test scrutinizes the personality from the perspective of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, Agreeableness and neuroticism (Creed and Phillips 2011). My scores in each of these categories reveal that I am moderately open, moderately conscientiousness, highly extraverted, highly agreeable and low in neuroticism. The results of the Big five Test therefore explain my personality traits and disclose my innate characteristics that can also indicate my capabilities of becoming an effective leader. My moderate openness reflects the fact that I am neither with high intellect and imagination nor particularly conservative. However, moderate conscientiousness prove that my capabilities lie in the mid range in the aspects of exercising self discipline as well as control in a bid to pursuing different goals. In addition to this, my personality of being highly extraverted describes as a friendly, gregarious, adventurous, and enthusiastic as well as ambitious person. Furthermore, my high scores in agreeableness disclose my tendency of working beyond my own self interests and cooperating with others rather than competing. People high in this particular trait tend to be kind, sensitive as well as cooperative that in turn can help in strengthening the quality of relationships shared with other people. Again, my low score in neuroticism explains my personal characteristics and nature that is of a carefree, optimistic, relaxed, self confident individual. These traits also indicate the abilities that I will be able to apply a manager. The trait of being self confident, relaxed and optimistic can help me as a leader who can inspire others in the organization to put in their best to achieve the organizational goals. The personal characteristic of high agreeableness can also help me in attaining efficacy in leading a team that calls for the need of the coopera tive behavior as well as great deal of empathy in acting beyond the self interest for the purpose of maintaining strong interpersonal relationships in a team. As a leader my trait of high extraversion can also help in engaging actively in organizational actions in order to pursue rewards with high motivation to experience the thrills of different challenging actions. However, the moderate conscientiousness indicates my average capability in exercising disciplines and control. Therefore, this trait can be enhanced for the purpose of enhancing the capability of power and influence needed for assuming the role of an effective leader. Again, the moderate range of openness also discloses my capabilities as a leader who can neither be described as highly imaginative nor extremely conservative. This trait also reflects my limitations as leader in applying innovative as well as intellectual ideas although my openness describes me as a personality who can accept the new ideas with great enth usiasm. Analysis of the outcome of Glazer stress lifestyle questionnaire related to the leadership traits The responses to the Glazer Stress Control Lifestyle questionnaire reveal the fact that I have a Type A personality that have a list of characteristics. This test also reveals my character to be competitive, aggressive and impatient and a person with time urgency. Therefore, this can help to develop into a leader who can work with stringent deadlines and strive towards the achievement of goals. Analysis of the outcome of psychological test on organization framework test and leadership quality The psychological test on preferred organizational structure reveals that I have a inclination towards the mechanistic organizational structure. Creed and Phillips (2011) opine that the mechanistic structures essentially refer to a structural framework of an organization with a constricted span of control along with high degree and extent of formalization as well as centralization. This characteristic reveals the fact that I have a preference for a hierarchical structure where the managers need to inculcate good interpersonal skills in order to maintain positive and formal relationships with the subordinates in making them understand the objectives of the organization and in making people to do their bit that are expected of them. Evaluation of the outcome of career focus test with orientation to leadership attributes The career focus test reveals my temperament type, dominant intelligence, 3 fields of work, knowledge worker status and knowledge age skills. The career focus test also helps me to understand that I have a ESFS temperament that reflects the characteristic of being generous, obliging and good hearted. This also indicates the potential to be good at different predictable a well as structures activities. Therefore, this trait can help as a leader who can carry out different structured course of actions and build strong relationships in the workplace. The dominant intelligence include logical mathematical, naturalistic and linguistic, visual spatial and interpersonal. Furthermore, my 3 fields of work include architecture and engineering, art and design in addition to food preparation as well as serving. However, my dominant capabilities indicate my skills in mathematical and verbal language, self discipline, scientific and art and art and design among many others. The knowledge age skill s result indicate that communication power is strong, with reasonable capability of adaptability, strong business skills, , strong potential of carrying out team work, good skills in computer in addition to strong learning capabilities. This result indicate that the strong team work skills, communication skills, generous nature with scientific bent of mind can help me to build up myself as an effective leader. Analysis of the outcome of leadership test with reference to the effectual leadership characteristic The leadership skill test reveals the outcomes of the examination of different facets of personality that helps in recognizing the traits of a leader. The leadership test discloses that I am highly self confident with a positive attitude and outlook. However, there are spaces for improvement by undertaking different professional training that can help me build up the potential further. The positive attitude might perhaps help me to face new situations in a realistic manner and handle stress well that can lead to rational as well as positive thoughts Therefore, this trait can uphold my abilities of becoming an effective leader in an organization. My score in emotional intelligence reveals the fact that I am high on Emotional quotient that indicates my strong soft skills, characters as well as communication skills. This trait can be considered to be essential for an effective leader as the emotional capabilities can facilitate the process of identifying with own feelings as well as tha t of the others. This trait is imperative for an effective leader as it helps in handling emotions that in turn assist in creation of strong and enduring relationship with the co-workers as well as subordinates. However, I have deficiency in the area of providing future visions that is also considered to be an essential facet of effective leadership. This trait also helps in building strategy for attainment of future goals; apply skills of prioritization, decision making capabilities along with the power of persuasion. Again, the leadership test also reflects the fact that I have good capability of motivating others and convincing people to accept the pre determined objectives set. This way I also have the potential to support teamwork and lead people to work together to attain the objectives that is expected of an effective leader. In addition to this, I have good capability of leading by example and have the ability to demonstrate diverse actions as well as values that is expected from others. Furthermore, results also reflect high scores in providing stimulation as well as support to others. This essentially demonstrates my motivation level and capacity to imbibe among others the requisite skills through proper supportive actions and appreciation. However, my results very low score in managing performance effectively that is an essential characteristic for achieving efficacy as a leader. References Creed, Andrew and Paul Stuart Phillips. 2011.Organisational Behaviour. South Melbourne, Vic.: Oxford University Press. Drummond, Helga. 2000.Introduction To Organizational Behaviour. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Farmer, Marilyn, Wendy Yellowley, and Paul Smith. 2012.Organizational Behaviour. London: Taylor Francis Ltd. French, Ray, Charlotte Rayner, Gary Rees, and Sally Rumbles. 2011.Organizational Behaviour. Chichester, UK: John Wiley Sons. French, Ray. 2011.Organizational Behaviour. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Hitt, Michael A, C. Chet Miller, and Adrienne Colella. 2011.Organizational Behaviour. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. King, Daniel and Scott Lawley. 2012.Organizational Behaviour. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

Nhalants Essay Example For Students

Nhalants Essay Inhalants can be defined as commercially produced chemicals that are inhaled into the body to produce psychoactive (mind-altering) and often adverse effects. Inhalants are aerosols, solvents, and cleaners. Examples include cleaning fluids, hair sprays, paints, cooking sprays, nail polish, and anesthetics such as halothane and nitrous oxide, which is often referred to as laughing gas. Also abused are amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite. Amyl nitrite is a clear, yellow liquid that is sold in a cloth-covered, sealed bulb. When the bulb is broken, it makes a snapping sound; thus, amyl nitrite is nicknamed snappers or poppers. Amyl nitrite is medically used for heart patients because it dilates the blood vessels and makes the heart beat faster. It can, therefore, be classified as a stimulant. Butyl nitrite is packaged in small bottles and sold under many names such as locker room and rush. It is also classified as a stimulant, and like amyl nitrite, it produces a high that lasts from a few seconds to several minutes. The immediate effects include decreased blood pressure, followed by an increased heart rate, flushed face and neck, dizziness, and headache. Inhalant abuse is on the rise among young people, especially between the ages of 7 and 17. This is because inhalants are readily available and inexpensive. In fact, kids in the 7th grade are more likely to use inhalants than seniors in high school.Children can unintentionally misuse inhalant products that are often found around the house. Parents should see that these substances, like paints, medicines, and hairsprays, are kept away from young children. Inhalant abuse may result in losing touch with ones surroundings, a loss of self-control, violent behavior, unconsciousness, nausea, vomiting, violent choking, and even death. This is a high risk of sudden death from spray inhalation. These sprays can interfere with breathing, or they can produce heartbeats (arrhythmias) leading to heart failure and death by suffocation. The inhalants displace the oxygen in the lungs and depress the central nervous system so much that breathing slows down until it stops. Most of these deaths have been associated with the propellants used in aerosol sprays. Death from inhalants is usually caused by a very high concentration of inhalant fumes. Deliberately inhaling from a paper bag significantly increases the probability of suffocation. It is recommended that when using aerosol or volatile (vaporous) products for legitimate purposes, such as painting and cleaning, one should do so in a well-ventilated room or outdoors. Many people believe that inhalant abuse is not a serious concern. They believe that inhalant abuse is an inner city problem that will never hit their home. Inhalant abuse, however, is widely abused by kids no matter their location. This is because the products that can be sniffed to get high can be found in every household and every store. They are inexpensive and accessible, easy to conceal, legal, and users dont realize how dangerous inhalants can be. Inhalants are most commonly abused among preteens and young teens, with use generally decreasing as they become older. 5.6% of 8th graders report using inhalants within a 30-day period, compared to 2.7% of 12th graders. Boys use inhalants more than girls do, but this gap is narrowing rapidly. Parents should learn the signs and symptoms of inhalant abuse to explain to their child the dangers involved with inhalant abuse. Signs include: red, glassy or watery eyes; slow, thick slurred speech; disorientation; general drunken appearance; complaints of headaches and nausea; chemical odor on the body or clothes; chemical odor in the room; staggering gait and uncoordination; inflamed nose, nosebleeds, and rashes around the nose and mouth; loss of appetite; paint on hands or around mouth; if cans of aerosol whipped cream dont foam; if your air conditioner doesnt work. Long term effects of inhalant abuse include: weight loss, nosebleeds, bad breath, fatigue, electrolyte imbalance, permanent damage to the nervous system, damage to the liver, kidneys, blood, and bone marrow, hostility, paranoia, and forgetfulness. Death can occur from sniffing highly concentrated amounts of aerosol sprays, and death can occur for a first time user. A child may be abusing inhalants if any of these sig ns resemble your childs behavior. .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .postImageUrl , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:hover , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:visited , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:active { border:0!important; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:active , .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002 .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubb5ffbe5b2c3009cf9436b34ca1a0002:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse EssayThe following are basic facts regarding inhalants taken from an inhalant abuse web site:1. High concentrations of non-aerosol inhalants can cause death by displacing oxygen in the lungs and causing suffocation. 2. Other inhalants produce suffocation by depressing the central nervous system so much that breathing slows down. 3. Mixing inhalants with depressants can cause overdose, unconsciousness, coma, and death. 4. Accidental death can occur and abusers can suffocate if they are using bags. 5. Using inhalants can hurt a childs development, keep them from becoming responsible, productive adults, teach them to run from their problems, and is not a positive behavior. 6. In the mid-1970s, there was a mini-epidemic of paralysis in Florida when a manufacturing company substituted a chemical in a solvent that was a popularly abused inhalant. 7. Kids who are abusing solvents are sick and complain of headaches, upset stomachs, and lack of energy. If you know someone who is huffing and appears in a state of crisis, then the best thing to do is to remain calm and seek help. The huffer may become violent, experience hallucinations or suffer heart dysfunction, which can cause Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome. Make certain that the room is well ventilated and call EMS. If the person is not breathing, then administer CPR. Once recovered, seek professional treatment and counseling. Inhalant abuse can be treated, but treatment facilities for inhalant users are rare and difficult to locate. Users often suffer withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, hallucinations, excessive sweating, muscle cramps, headaches, hand tremors, and chills. Users suffer a high rate of relapse, and they require thirty to forty days or more of detoxification. If you or someone that you know are abusing inhalants or need advice about inhalants, you can contact the National Inhalant Prevention Coalition at 1-800-269-4237 for information on treatment centers and facts on inhalantsIt is never too early for parents to teach their children about inhalants. Inhalant use starts as early as elementary school and is considered a gateway to further substance abuse. Parents often do not realize the harmful effects associated with inhalant abuse, and they do not educate their children until it is too late. Inhalants are not drugs. They are poisons are toxins found in homes and should freely be discussed as such.

Bible Essay Sample - Get to Know More About the Contents

Bible Essay Sample - Get to Know More About the ContentsBible essay sample is basically a file that contains an outline with some sample chapters and the content of the chapter. If you are the one who does not have time to create a textbook or if you are just doing the course work and all of that, then you can find this excellent source of bible writing study material to use. It is recommended that you go through this course material thoroughly and check what are the contents of each section. To help you start this kind of study, let us look at some of the contents of the Bible essay sample.In the first place, you will find different types of topics that are being discussed in the material. They include literary terms, grammar, history, style, influence, use of language and so on. It should be noted that the material will sometimes mention about relevant sources for their references. The sample materials are mostly free to use and you should be very cautious to check the source of th e information that is included in the study material.In the second place, this Bible writing sample will talk about the meaning of the Bible. It will be talked about what the Bible actually is and what the message is that the bible gives to us. It will also discuss about the title of the book and what it is all about. It will also go over some information about the book itself. Let us know about the several topics that will be discussed in this type of sample.This sample will discuss the information that tells us about the biblical information that has been written down for us. It will also talk about the major plot and conflict that are presented in the book. It will also talk about the characters that are presented in the story. It will also discuss some of the story elements such as love, family, honor, etc.The third major topic that will be discussed in this sample is the relation between religion and politics. It will also talk about some historical events that occur that shows us the relation between religion and government. It will also discuss the importance of the bible in the world.Some other interesting points that will be discussed in this document are the ideas that are present in the book. It will also discuss the views that are shared by many people. They will also discuss different opinions regarding the book. All of this will really make you interested in the book and helps you learn how to comprehend the information contained in the book.So, as you can see, a sample bible essay contains a lot of interesting material. If you are looking for a bible writing course that you can take and improve your skill with, then this is the best. It will really help you in improving your bible writing skills.

Euro History Essay Example

Euro History Essay The Age of Napoleon and the Triumph of Romanticism 1. The of Napoleon Bonaparte a. The chief threat to the Directory came form royalists who hoped to restore the Bourbon monarchy by legal means. Many of the emigres had returned to France and their plans for a restoration drew support from devout Catholics and from citizens disgusted from the outcome of the revoulution. Monarchy promised stability. b. The spring elections of 1797 replaced most incumbents with constitutional monarchists, giving them a majority in the national legislature.At the request of the Directors, Napoleon Bonaparte, the general in charge of the French invasion of Italy, had sent a subordinate to Paris to guarantee the success of the coup. 2. Early Victories of Napoleon c. Napoleon’s invasion of Italy was aimed towards depriving Austria of its rich Northern-Italian province of Lombardy. Napoleon was able to crush the Austrian and Sardinian armies. This skirmish was concluded with the Treaty of Campo Formio in Oct. 1797. This took Austria out of the war and crowned Napoleon’s campaign with success, allowing France to control all of Italy and Switzerland. . In November 1797, Napoleon returned home to confront France’s only remaining enemy, Britain. Instead of crossing the channel and invading Britain directly, Napoleon instead decided to attack Egypt from the Ottoman Empire. i. Napoleon easily overran Egypt, but the invasion was a failure because the French fleet was destroyed in 1798, cutting off the army form France. The Ottoman, Russians, Austrians, and British joined together to create the Second Coalition Against France in 1799 and the Russians and Austrians retook Italy and Switzerland from French control. 3.The Constitution of the Year VIII e. A new constitution was proposed by Abbe Sieyes. He wanted an executive body independent of the whims of electoral politics, a government based on the principle of â€Å"confidence form below, power from above. † ii. To do this, another coup would be necessary and Napoleon returned home to join with Abbe. The troops were able to ensure the success of the coup. iii. The proposed constitution divided executive authority among three consuls. Napoleon quickly pushed Sieyes aside and issued the Constitution of the Year VIII. iv.The new constitution established the rule of one man, the First Consul, Napoleon Bonaparte. v. He was the first modern political figure to use the rhetoric of revolution and nationalism, to back it with military force, and to combine these elements into a mighty weapon of imperial expansion in the service of his own power. 4. The Consulate in France (1799-1804) f. The Consulate ended the Revolution in France. The Third Estate had abolished hereditary privilege, and the careers thus opened to talent allowed them to achieve wealth, status and security for their property.Napoleon offered security for those of the wealthy upper Third Estate. vi. The voters approved his constitution. 5. Suppressing Foreign Enemies and Domestic Opposition g. Napoleon justified the public’s confidence in himself by making peace with France’s enemies. Russia had already left the Second Coalition. A campaign in Italy brought another victory over Austria in 1800. vii. The Treaty of Luneville took Austria out of the war. Britain was now alone and in 1802, the Treaty of Amiens brought peace to Europe. viii. Napoleon restored peace at home by using flattery and bribery to win over his enemies.He required that they be loyal to him and no more. Napoleon ruthlessly suppressed any opposition. ix. Napoleon established a centralized administration, employed a secret police and stamped out the royalist rebellion in the west. x. An attack on his life gave Napoleon an excuse to persecute the Jacobins. He also violated the sovereignty of the German state of Baden to seize and execute the Bourbon duke of Enghien. 6. Concordat with the Roman Catholic Church h. When the French armies invaded Italy, they had driven Pope Pius VI from Rome, and he eventually died in exile in France.Napoleon concluded a concordat with Pope Pius VII. This agreement required both the refractory clergy and those who had accepted the revolution to resign. i. It also declared that Catholicism is the religion of the great majority of French citizens. The clergy had to swear loyalty to the state. The Organic Articles of 1802 established the supremacy of state over the Church. 7. The Napoleonic Code j. In 1802, a plebiscite ratified Napoleon as consul for life, and he soon produced another constitution that granted him what amounted to full power.The Civil Code of 1804 was made to reform and codify French law. xi. The code safeguarded all forms of property and all the privileges based on birth that the revolution had overthrown remained abolished. xii. The conservative attitudes toward labor and women received full support. Workers’ organizations remained forbidden, and workers had f ewer rights than their employers. xiii. Property was distributed amongst all children rather than the eldest child receiving all of the land. Divorce remained more difficult for women than men and early on, code differed from region to region. . Establishing a Dynasty k. Napoleon tried to make himself emperor. He argued that establishing a dynasty would make the new regime secure and make further attempts on his life useless. Napoleon later became the Emperor of the French. 9. Napoleon’s Empire (1804-1814) l. Everywhere, Napoleon’s advance unleashed the powerful force of nationalism. Napoleon could put 700,000 men under arms at one time, risk 100,000 troops in a battle, endure heavy loses, and fight again. 10. Conquering an Empire m. The Peace of Amiens between France and Britain was merely a truce.Napoleon sent an army to restore the rebellious colony of Haiti to French rule. This moved roused British suspicions and fear that Napoleon was planning a new French empire in the Americas, because Spain had recently restored Louisiana to French rule. n. Britain declared war in May 1803. William Pitt returned to the position of Prime Minister in 1804 and began to instruct the Third Coalition. By August 1805, he had persuaded Russia and Austria to join. On Oct. 21, 1805, Lord Nelson destroyed both Spanish and French vessels at the Battle of Trafalgar, winning the battle and losing no ships.Lord Nelson died during battle. This battle ensured that the French would not be invading England and it guaranteed England sea power throughout the whole war. o. In mid-October Napoleon forced an Austrian army to surrender at Ulm and occupied Vienna. On December 2, 1805, Napoleon defeated the combined Austrian and Russian forces at Austerlitz. The Treaty of Pressburg that followed won major concessions from Austria. The Austrians withdrew form Italy and allowed Napoleon of everything North of Rome. xiv. Napoleon made political changes in Germany.In July 1806, he orga nized the Confederation of the Rhine, which included most of the Western German princes. Their withdrawal form the H. R. E led Francis II to dissolve that ancient political body and henceforth, call himself Emperor Francis I of Austria. xv. Prussia also went to war on France. Napoleon’s army quickly crushed the famous Prussian army at Jena and Auerstadt on October 14, 1806. On November 21, he issued the Berlin Decrees, forbidding his allies form importing British goods. On June 13, 1807, Napoleon defeated the Russians at Friedland and occupied East Prussia. p.Tsar Alexander was ready to make peace. He and Napoleon met on a raft in the Niemen River while two armies and the King of Prussia waited on the bank. On July 7, 1807, they signed the Treaty of Tilsit, which confirmed France’s gains. Prussia lost half of its territories. Prussia openly and Russia secretly became allies with Napoleon. xvi. Members of Napoleon’s family governed important areas and territories . 11. The Continental System q. Napoleon knew that he must defeat the British before he felt safe. He continued the economic warfare the Berlin Decrees had begun, because he couldn’t face them on the seas. vii. Despite initial drops in exports and domestic unrest, the British economy survived. British control of the seas assured access to the growing markets of North and South America and of the Mediterranean. xviii. The Continental System badly hurt the economies of Europe. Napoleon rejected advice to turn his empire into a free-trade area. Instead, his tariff policies favored France, increased the resentment of foreign merchants, and made people more ready to engage in smuggling. r. European Response to the Empire xix. Feudal privileges disappeared and the peasants were freed from serfdom and manorial dues.In the towns, the guilds and local monarchies were dissolved and the established churches lost their independence and were made subordinate to the state. 12. German Natio nalism and Prussian Reform s. Many German intellectuals began to urge resistance to Napoleon on the basis of German nationalism. Many nationalists also criticized the German princes, who ruled selfishly and ineffectively and seemed ready to lick Napoleon’s boots. Many Germans sought to fix their problems by creating one, unified German state. t. Although they seemed defeated, Prussia still attempted to resist.The Prussian administrative and social reforms were the work of Baron vom Stein and Prince von Hardenburg. Neither intended to take power away from the nobles and Junkers. These reforms brought great changes in Prussian society. Stein’s work broke the Junker monopoly of land and abolished serfdom. Although it was abolished, Junkers ensured that vestiges of the system survived. Former serfs were set free, bit others stayed and continued to partake in manorial labor. The Junker holdings grew to the manorial lands given to the peasants. u. Military reforms sought to increase the supply of soldiers.Jena showed that an army of free patriots commanded by officers chosen on merit and not by birth could defeat an army of serfs and mercenaries commanded by incompetent nobles. The reformers also abolished inhumane military punishments, sought to inspire patriotic feelings in the soldiers, and gave promotions based on merit. v. These reforms enabled Prussia to regain its former power. Napoleon’s army= 42,000 men. Prussian army=270,000 men. 13. The Wars of Liberation w. Spain xx. The Spanish peasants were devoted to the ruling dynasty and especially to the Roman Catholic Church.France and Spain had been allies since 1796. Napoleon sent an army to Portugal to force them to abandon its traditional alliance with Britain. The army stayed in Spain, and used a revolt in Madrid as pretext to dispose of the Spanish Bourbons. Napoleon’s plan was to put his brother on the throne. Attacks on the privileges of the church increased public outrage. 1. T hese problems caused the peasants to rebel. 2. Guerilla bands cut lines of communication, killed stragglers, destroyed isolated units, and then disappeared into the mountains. Britain sent an army as well, beginning a ong peninsular war that would drain French strength from elsewhere in Europe. x. Austria xxi. The Austrians counted on Napoleon’s distraction in Spain, French war weariness, and aid from other German princes. The German princes did nothing, for Napoleon was in charge. The French army swiftly marched into Austria and won the Battle of Wagram. The Peace of Schonbrunn deprived Austria of much land and 3. 5 million subjects. Napoleon married the Austrian archduchess Marie Louise, for his wife who was 46 years old bore no child. Napoleon then divorced his wife Josephine and married the 18 year old archduchess. 4. The Invasion of Russia y. Russian nobles disliked the alliance because of the liberal policies of France and because of the Continental System prohibited ti mber sales to Britain. Napoleon gave the Russians no help in taking Constantinople from the Ottoman Empire. At the end of 1810, Napoleon withdrew from the Continental System and began to prepare for war. z. Napoleon amassed an army of more than 600,000 men, including a core of Frenchmen and 400,000 soldiers from other parts of his empire. The Russians retreated, for they only had an army of 160,00 troops, not enough to battle Napoleon.They decided to follow a â€Å"scorched earth† policy, burning everything in their frantic wake. Napoleon’s army could not live off of the land. xxii. Rain, heat and food and water shortages eroded at the morale of the army and Napoleon was urged to retreat. {. In September 1812, Russian public opinion forced the army to give Napoleon the battle he wanted despite the Russian general Mikhail Kutuzov’s wish to let the invader brave the Russian winter. The Battle of Borodino claimed 30,00 French lives and 60,000 Russian lives, yet it was regarded as a loss for Napoleon because he gained nothing at all. xiii. The Russians set fire to the city of Moscow and Napoleon eventually took the city. His armies were diminished and winter was about to fall upon Russia, so Napoleon attempted to make peace with Alexander, but he refused. By October, all that was left of Napoleon’s army was forced to retreat. Napoleon realized that this ordeal put him in danger at home. He returned with only 100,000 of the original 600,00 men. 15. European Coalition |. Napoleon was able to put down his opponents in Paris and gather another army of 350,000 men.Napoleon would not consider peace with Austria although Austria was ready to accept it. }. In 1813, patriotic pressure and national ambition brought together the last and most powerful coalition against France. The Russians drove westward and Prussia and Austria soon joined them. Vast amounts of British money supported them. Spain marched an army into France and Napoleon’s w orn-out, inexperienced and poorly equipped army could not hold out. The generals were tired and defeat was unavoidable. Still, Napoleon waged a skillful campaign in central Europe and defeated the allies at Dresden.The combined armies at Leipzig defeated Napoleon in October at the Battle of the Nations. Allied armies marched into Paris in March 1814, and Napoleon went into exile in Elba. 16. The Congress of Vienna and the European Settlement ~. Fear of Napoleon and hostility to his ambitions had held the coalition together. As soon as he was removed, each nation pursued their separate ambitions. Robert Stewart, British foreign secretary, helped achieve an agreement between the states. He brought about the signing of the Treaty of Chaumont on March 9, 1814.It restored the Bourbons to the French throne and the contracted France to its frontiers of 1792. Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia agreed to for a Quadruple Alliance for 20 years. 17. Territorial Adjustments . The Congress of Vienna gathered in September 1814, but did not conclude its work until November 1815. The 4 great powers conducted the important work of the conference. All the victors agreed that no single state should be allowed to dominate Europe and all were determined to prevent France from doing so again. The restoration of the Bourbons was meant to keep France calm and safe. The powers also strengthened the states around France’s borders to serve as barriers to renewed French expansion. They established the kingdom of Netherlands. Prussia was given important new territories along the Rhine River to deter French aggression in the West. Austria gained full control over Northern Italy. The H. R. E was not revived and as for Germany, most of Napoleon’s territorial holdings were left untouched. . Alexander I of Russia wanted all of Poland under his rule and Prussia was willing to it to them for all of Saxony, which allied with Napoleon.Austria didn’t allow the surrender of Po land for fear that Russia would penetrate deeper into Europe and Prussia would gain more power. 18. The Hundred Days and the Quadruple Alliance . Napoleon’s return from Alba on March 1, 1815, further united the victors. The French army was still loyal to Napoleon and many people still preferred his rule to that of the Bourbons. The coalition was diminishing, so Napoleon escaped to France and retook all power. He declared a liberal constitution and promised a peaceful foreign policy. They declared Napoleon an outlaw and sent their armies to crush him.Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in Belgium on June 18, 1815. Napoleon was again exiled to Saint Helena where he died in 1821. . The Hundred Days frightened the great powers and made the peace settlement harsher for France. The victors imposed an army of occupation on the French. Alexander proposed a Holy Alliance, in where the monarchs promised to act in accordance with Christian Principles. . England, Austria, Prussia and Russi a renewed the Quadruple Alliance on November 20, 1815 and this time, the powers were determined to prevent war.The chief aims of the Congress of Vienna were to prevent a recurrence of the Napoleonic nightmare and to maintain peace. They aimed to establish a framework for stability, not to punish France. . The nations established a new legal framework whereby treaties were made between monarchs. The European leaders had come to calculate the nature of political and economic powers. 19. The Romantic Movement . Romanticism was a reaction against much of the thought of the Enlightenment. Writers and artists saw the imagination or such intuitive intellectual faculty supplementing reason as a means to perceive and understand the world.Many encouraged a revival of Christianity in all of Europe. Romantics liked the art, literature and architecture of medieval times. 20. Rousseau and Education . Rousseau shared in many of the enlightened ideas, but he also opposed many of its facets. His con viction that society and material prosperity had corrupted human nature profoundly influenced Romantic writers. In his novel Emile, Rousseau set forth his view on how the individual could develop to lead a good and happy life uncorrupted by society. xxiv.In Emile, Rousseau stressed the difference between children and adults. He distinguished the stages of maturation and urged that children should be raised with the maximum amount of freedom. Each child should be able to grow freely and to learn by trial and error what reality is like and how to deal with it. The parent or teacher would only be there to provide the child with the necessities of life and to keep them from harm. xxv. Rousseau also though that adults should allow the child’s sentiments, as well as he or she’s reason, to flourish. 21. Kant and Reason Immanuel Kant wrote the two greatest philosophical writings of the late 18th century: The Critique of Pure Reason and The Critique of Practical Reason. He soug ht to accept the rationalism of the Enlightenment and to still preserve a belief in human freedom, immortality and the existence of God. For Kant, the human mind does not simply reflect the world around it like a passive mirror; rather, it actively imposes on the world of sensory experience. In other words, the mind perceives the world as it does because of its own internal mental categories. Kant found the sphere of reality that was accessible to pure reason. Kant believed that beyond reality there was a â€Å"noumenal† world. This world is a sphere of moral and aesthetic reality known by â€Å"practical reason† and conscience. He also believed that humans possess an innate sense of moral duty or awareness, which he called categorical imperative. Kant postulated the existence of God, eternal life, and future rewards and punishments. 22. Romantic Literature . The word Romantic was used to describe literature that neoclassical writers considered unreal, sentimental or e xcessively fanciful.In England and Germany, the term came to be applied to all literature that did not observe classical forms and rules and gave free play to the imagination. Wilhelm von Schlegel wrote Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. 23. English Romantic Writers . The English Romantics believed poetry was enhanced by freely following the creative impulses of the mind. These ideas opposed that of Locke. . Wordsworth and Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads together in 1798 as a manifesto of a new poetry that rejected the rules of 18th century criticism. Many Romantic writers and poets disliked and distrusted Lord Byron. He rejected the old traditions and championed the cause of personal liberty. Byron wrote Don Juan. 24. The German Romantic Writers . Romantic novels were highly sentimental and borrowed material from medieval romances. The characters were treated as symbols of the larger truth of life. xxvi. Friedrich Schlegel wrote the progressive early Romantic novel Lucind e that attacked prejudices against women as capable of being little more than lovers and domestics.His novel reveals the ability of Romantics to become involved in the social issues of their day. xxvii. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe towered above all other German writers. As the greatest German writer f modern times, Goethe defies easy classification. Goethe wrote both The Sorrows of Young Werther and Faust. 25. The Cult of the Middle Ages and Neo-Gothicism . Constable and other Romantics tended to idealize rural life because they believed it was connected to the medieval past and was opposed to the increasingly urban, industrializing, commercial society that was developing around them. 26.Nature and the Sublime . Romantic artists also sought to portray nature in all of its majestic power as no previous generation of European artists had ever done. The artists were drawn toward the mysterious and unruly side of nature rather than toward the rational Newtonian. Their works often sought to portray that they and others termed the sublime. The sublime: subjects from nature that aroused strong emotions, such as fear, dread, and awe, and raised questions about whether and how much we control our lives. . Romantics saw nature as a set of infinite forces that overwhelmed the smallness of humankind. 7. Religion in the Romantic Period . During the Middle Ages, the foundation of religion had been the authority of the church. The Romantic thinkers sought the foundations of religion in the inner emotions of humankind. These thinkers also saw religious faith, experiences and institutions as central to human life. 28. Methodism . Methodism originated in the middle of the 18th century as a revolt against deism and rationalism in the Church of England. The Methodist revival formed an important part of the background of English Romanticism.In 1739, Wesley, the leader of the Methodist movement, began to preach in the open fields near the cities and towns. Methodist societies began to form and missionaries were sent overseas in their name. Methodism stressed inward, heartfelt religion and the possibility of Christian perfection in this life. 29. New Directions in Continental Religion . Against the Newtonian view of the world and of a rational God, the Romantics found God immanent in nature. 30. Herder and Culture . Romanticists glorified both the individual person and individual cultures.German Romantic writers went in search of their own past in reaction to the copying of French manners in 18th century Germany, the impact of the French revolution, and the imperialism of Napoleon. Herder saw human beings and societies as developing organically over time. Human beings were different at different times and places. Herder revived German folk culture by urging the collection and preservation of distinctive German songs and sayings. Herder opposed both the concept and the use of a common language as well as universal institutions. 31. Hegel and History Hegel is one of the most complicated and significant philosophers in the history of Western civilization. Hegel believed ideas develop in an evolutionary fashion that involves conflict. At any given time, a predominant set of ideas, which he termed thesis, holds sway. Conflicting ideas, termed antithesis, challenge the thesis. As these patterns of thought clash, a synthesis emerges that eventually becomes the new thesis. xxviii. Several important philosophical conclusions followed form this analysis. 3. The belief that all periods of history have been f almost equal value because each was, by definition, necessary to the achievements of those that came later. 4. Also, cultures are vulnerable because each contributes humankind to develop. 32. Islam, the Middle East, and Romanticism . The new religious, literary, and historical sensibilities of the Romantic period modified the European understanding of both Islam and the Arab world while at the same time preserving long-standing attitudes. In the 19th century, Islam was unfavorable in the political life. Also, other Romantic sensibilities induced Europeans to see Muslims in a positive fashion.The Romantic emphasis on the value of literature drawn from different cultures and ages allowed many 19th century European readers to enjoy Middle Eastern writing and stories. Mohammad caused Islam to be seen as a monotheistic faith rather than a polytheistic faith. Hegel believed that Islam had already played its role in history and that its role was now extinguished. Two cultural effects in the West of Napoleon’s invasion were an increase in the number of European visitors to the Middle East and a demand for architecture based on ancient Egyptian models.

Writing Compare and Contrast Essays

Writing Compare and Contrast Essays Before you begin to draft a compare and contrast essay, you should brainstorm by creating a Venn diagram or a chart to list the ​pros and cons of each subject you are comparing to another. The first paragraph of your compare and contrast essay should contain references to both sides of your comparison. This paragraph should end with a thesis sentence that sums up your overall purpose or results, like this: While city life brings many social opportunities, country life can provide the best of both worlds. Comparison essays can be constructed in two ways. You can focus on one side of your comparison at a time, describing the pros and cons of one topic first and then moving on to the next topic, like the example here: Cities have lots of great restaurants.City life offers culturally diverse populations.Cities contain theaters, sporting events, and other activities.Country life brings fresh produce within easy reach.Country life is quiet living with the opportunity to travel into cities for cultural exposure.Entertainment opportunities exist in the country, as well.Summary paragraph You could instead alternate your focus, covering one after the other in a back-and-forth pattern. Cities have lots of great restaurants.On the other hand, country life brings fresh produce within easy reach.Cities contain theaters, sporting events, and other activities.But entertainment opportunities exist in the country, as well.City life offers culturally diverse populations.However, country life is quiet living with the opportunity to travel into cities for cultural exposure. Make sure that each paragraph contains a smooth transition statement, and end your essay with a sound conclusion. Country Life or City Life? City Country Entertainment theaters, clubs festivals, bonfires, etc. Culture museums historic places Food restaurants produce Some ideas for your compare and contrast essay might make your work easier. Think about the following topics and see if one feels right for you. middle school and high school experiencepizza and spaghettidoing household chores or doing homeworkprivate school and public schoolattending big university and attending small collegecomparing two gamescomparing two types of phoneslaptops to tabletscomparing two teaching stylescomparing English to Spanishowning a dog and owning a cattravel abroad and domestic travelgrowing up rich and growing up poortalking to dad and talking to momhaving a sister and having a brother If the list above doesnt appeal to you, it may spark an original idea that fits your situation. This type of essay can be a lot of fun!

Project Risk Management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Project Risk Management - Coursework Example Operations management deals with decision making related to productive processes to ensure that the resulting goods or services are produced according to specifications. Effective project management means getting the right things done according to the planned schedule. (Larson and Drexler, 2009, p. 1) Project management begins with planning. There should be an open communication among the members of the team and the aims and objectives must be clearly stated ensuring that they should be related to the objectives of the organization. The project life cycle begins when the project is started until it is declared completed. The key players include the customer who wants to buy the project; the contractor who works on the project up to completion; and the project manager who plans and manages the project activities until it is finished. Teamwork is an effective method in project management. Projects are initiated by recruitment and staffing and the selected team’s individual quali fications should correspond with the required skill for project success. While the group has to work as a team, there must be division of labor. For example, in engineering projects groups rely on individual members who work independently but are responsible to the group. Knowledge, teamwork and management, if studied carefully can provide aid for an effective project management. ... 310) In a project life cycle, we have a project manager, the customer, and the contractor. Moreover, before making decisions, we have to establish calendars. This has to be constantly consulted to see if the team is working as scheduled. This essay is about project management of an information technology application. There are many risks involved in information technology of an organization. The problem is IT security. The aim of this project management is to find a solution to the risks and threats in an information system of a particular organization. Main Body In the early 1900s, rapid industrialization brought in new perspectives to the growth of companies and organizations. Management scientists provided studies and introduced innovations in the workplace and how workers can be productive and relate their work with life. (Lock, 2007) Henry Ford introduced mass production which was also known as the Model T. Most important to project managers is the style of Henry Gantt who estab lished the Gantt Chart. Gantt worked for Taylor and popularized his style which is still used until today. Computers came in and finally the Internet. Manufacturing and construction industries took hold of the opportunity and recognized the many benefits of technology. In the 1970s, there was increase in the usage of information technology. Industrial project management continued as before but now this was added with project management software. With the emergence of the information revolution, project managers brought in a new face. They have to be well-versed in information technology, including how to manage computers and their security. (Lock, 2007, p. 3) There were different methods introduced at that time, particularly in the design and implementation, but some were put

Citibank Internet Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Citibank Internet Banking - Assignment Example banks could honestly claim that Internet banking is, at last, contributing to the bottom line (Johnson, 2006). In this age when a few seconds delay is much too long, why did it take rich banks this long to do it right Which brings us to our key question: are banks finally doing the "right" things "right" Our experiment called for an evaluation of how basic marketing principles and the Internet were combined to produce a successful Internet Banking customer experience. Our findings will show if Citibank U.K. have done their homework, matching strategic vision with real customer needs. In the case of internet banking, this involves the attainment of near-frictionless commerce, allowing customers to connect to the bank and do business anytime and from anywhere, with speed and convenience, and hopefully with each transaction generating value for the customer and a tidy profit for the bank. White and Nteli (2004) in their article's title asked an embarrassing question: some ten years after the hype began, "why are there not enough customers" The estimated millions of customers and the billions in profits were not there. Since then, studies by Datamonitor (2004) and Deutsche Bank (2006) showed that of the U.K.'s 60 million population, an estimated 15 million or 25% regularly do banking transactions on the Internet. Offhand quite an impressive figure, but considering that 80% of households in the U.K. had multiple bank accounts (Cruikshank, 2000), and 40-50% of account holders in Sweden and Finland do internet banking (Deutsche Bank, 2006) - of course, there are only 14 million Swedes and Finns on earth - market penetration remains an issue that point to internet banking's huge, promising, and untapped potential. This essay tries to unravel the mystery with a critical analysis of the internet banking capability of Citibank U.K. But before doing so, we briefly look at the findings of White and Nteli and other academics, and explain our basic method of primary research. A Problem of Banking or Marketing White and Nteli (2004) argued that internet banking is not bringing in the expected numbers because of marketing issues related to five service quality attributes: credibility, security, product variety/diversity, responsiveness, and ease of use. They identified two customer clusters with different priorities: traditional customers with security and credibility concerns, and non-traditional customers focused on ease of use and responsiveness. Both customer clusters gave banks low scores on product variety/diversity, making the authors conclude that this is a potential source of competitive advantage. As White and Nteli (2004) and Kotler and Armstrong (2005) emphasised, systematic application of marketing principles continue to be an important weapon in the banking industry's arsenal, especially in this age of intense global competition. Marketing enables the bank to create value that would attract customers, engaging and retaining them into a long-lasting and profitable relationship. Especially in this age when shopping for value could be done 24/7 at the click of a mouse, banks are pressured to minimise churn whilst maximising customer profitability. Several studies (Stevens, 2006; Wisskirchen, Vater, Wright, De Backer, and Detrick, 2006) show that churn or customer defection rates in key U.K. consumer industries increased from 16.9 percent in 2003 to 19.1 percent in 2005 and